Snowflake

Snowflake Concat Function and Operator – Examples

The Snowflake cloud architecture supports data ingestion from multiple sources, hence it is a common requirement to combine data from multiple columns to come up with required results. You may also get a requirement to concatenate multiple strings before loading them to target table. For example, you may get requirement to combine state and city columns before loading data to the customer address table. In this article, we will check Snowflake CONCAT function, its Syntax and examples. We will also check how to combine two or more columns using Snowflake…

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June 8, 2021
Apache Spark

Spark SQL Correlated Subquery and Usage Restrictions

The Correlated subquery in a Spark SQL is a query within a query that refer the columns from the parent or outer query table. These kind of subquery contains one or more correlations between its columns and the columns produced by the outer query. Spark SQL supports the regular and correlated subqueries. You can use the subqueries to improve the performance of the Spark SQL queries such as limiting the number of records returned by the subquery. Spark SQL Correlated Subquery Spark SQL supports many types of subqueries. However, it…

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June 7, 2021
Apache Spark

Spark SQL to_date() Function – Pyspark and Scala

Spark SQL supports many date and time conversion functions. One of such a function is to_date() function. Spark SQL to_date() function is used to convert string containing date to a date format. The function is useful when you are trying to transform captured string data into particular data type such as date type. In this article, we will check how to use the Spark to_date function on DataFrame as well as in plain SQL queries. Spark SQL to_date() Function You can use Spark to_date() function to convert and format string…

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June 7, 2021
Apache Spark

Apache Spark SQL Supported Subqueries and Examples

A subquery in Spark SQL is a select expression that is enclosed in parentheses as a nested query block in a query statement. The subquery in Apache Spark SQL is similar to subquery in other relational databases that may return zero to one or more values to its upper select statements. In this article, we will check Apache Spark SQL supported subqueries and some examples. Spark SQL Supported Subqueries Spark SQL subqueries are another select statement or expression enclosed in parenthesis as a nested query block. You can use these…

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June 2, 2021
Apache Spark

How to Remove Duplicate Records from Spark DataFrame – Pyspark and Scala

You can create Spark DataFrame with duplicate records. There are no methods that prevent you from adding duplicate records to Spark DataFrame. There are chances that some application such as ETL process may create dataframe with duplicate records. Spark SQL supports several methods to de-duplicate the table. In this article, we will check how to identify and remove duplicate records from Spark SQL DataFrame. Remove Duplicate Records from Spark DataFrame There are many methods that you can use to identify and remove the duplicate records from the Spark SQL DataFrame.…

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June 2, 2021
Snowflake

How to Merge Json Objects in Snowflake?

One of the greatest strengths of Snowflake is that it can handle both structured and semi-structured data. Semi-structured data includes JSON and XML. Snowflake allows you to store and query the json or xml data without using any special functions. The built-in function such as merging two or more json object is not available as of now. But, you can make use of JavaScript function by writing Snowflake user defined function. In this article, we will check how to merge two json objects in Snowflake. Merge JSON Objects in Snowflake…

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June 1, 2021
Snowflake

How Snowflake Internally Handles Updates? – Explanation

When you load data into Snowflake, Snowflake reorganizes that data into micro partition and stores into its internal optimized, compressed, columnar format. Snowflake stores this optimized data in cloud storage. Snowflake uses S3, Blob storage or GCP cloud storage. However, all these storages are immutable. Obviously the question would be how Snowflake internally performs or handles updates when you execute the update command? How Snowflake Internally Handles Updates? Many people would have thought of this question when they were going through Snowflake architecture. It is a complex question. Snowflake uses…

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June 1, 2021
Apache Spark

Spark SQL Recursive DataFrame – Pyspark and Scala

Identifying top level hierarchy of one column from another column is one of the import feature that many relational databases such as Teradata, Oracle, Snowflake, etc support. The relational databases use recursive query to identify the hierarchies of data, such as an organizational structure, employee-manager, bill-of-materials, and document hierarchy. Relational databases such as Teradata, Snowflake supports recursive queries in the form of recursive WITH clause or recursive views. But, Spark SQL does not support recursive CTE or recursive views. In this article, we will check Spark SQL recursive DataFrame using…

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May 31, 2021
Snowflake

Snowflake Array Functions – Syntax and Examples

It is very common practice to store values in the form of an array in the databases. Without a doubt, Snowflake supports many array functions. You can use these array manipulation functions to manipulate the array types. In this article, we will check how to work with Snowflake Array Functions, syntax and examples to manipulate array types. Snowflake Array Functions Following is the list of Snowflake array functions with brief descriptions: Array FunctionsDescriptionARRAY_AGGFunction returns the input values, pivoted into an ARRAY.ARRAY_APPENDThis function returns an array containing all elements from the…

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May 26, 2021
Apache Spark

Spark SQL and Dataset Hints Types- Usage and Examples

In general, Query hints or optimizer hints can be used with SQL statements to alter execution plans. Hints let you make decisions that are usually made by the optimizer while generating an execution plan. As a data architect, you might know information about your data that the optimizer does not know. Hints provide a mechanism to direct the optimizer to choose a certain query execution plan based on the specific criteria. In this article, we will check Spark SQL and Dataset hints types, usage and examples. Spark SQL and Dataset…

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May 24, 2021